Genetic Transformation

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Genetic Transformation is the genetic alteration of cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane. Transformation is one of three processes for horizontal gene transfer, in which exogenous genetic material passes from bacterium to another, the other two being conjugation transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells in direct contact and Transduction injection of foreign DNA by a bacteriophage virus into the host bacterium. And about 80 species of bacteria were known to be capable of transformation, in 2014, about evenly divided between Gram-positive and Gram-negative Transformation" may also be used to describe the insertion of new genetic material into non-bacterial cells, including animal and plant cells.