Molecular Immunology

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Immunology deals with the biological and biochemical basis for the body's defense against germs such as bacteria, virus and mycosis (fungal infections) as well as foreign agents such as biological toxins and environmental pollutants, and failures and malfunctions of these defence mechanisms. Apart from these external effects on the organism, there are also defence reactions regarding the body’s own cells, e.g. in the scope of the bodily reactions on cancer and the lacking reaction of a body on healthy cells in the scope of an immune-mediated disease.Immunogenetics is the branch of medical research that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics. Autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes are complex genetic traits which result from defects in the immune system. Identification of genes defining the immune defects may identify new target genes for therapeutic approaches. The genes of an organism (strands of DNA) the transfer of genes from the parent to child generation of an organism in the scope of possible variations are the basis of genetics.This is done both on a microscopic and molecular level it encompasses prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Knowing the components of cells and how the cells work is fundamental to all biological sciences; it is also essential for research in bio-medical fields such as cancer, and other diseases. Research in the cell biology is closely related to genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, and developmental biology.